The highlights of the guidelines are as under :
1. All rupee loans sanctioned and credit limits renewed w.e.f. April 1, 2016 will be priced with reference to the Marginal Cost of Funds based Lending Rate (MCLR) which will be the internal benchmark for such purposes.
2. The MCLR will be a tenor linked internal benchmark.
3. Actual lending rates will be determined by adding the components of spread to the MCLR.
4. Banks will review and publish their MCLR of different maturities every month on a pre-announced date.
5. Banks may specify interest reset dates on their floating rate loans. They will have the option to offer loans with reset dates linked either to the date of sanction of the loan/credit limits or to the date of review of MCLR.
6. The periodicity of reset shall be one year or lower.
7. The MCLR prevailing on the day the loan is sanctioned will be applicable till the next reset date, irrespective of the changes in the benchmark during the interim period.
8. Existing loans and credit limits linked to the Base Rate may continue till repayment or renewal, as the case may be. Existing borrowers will also have the option to move to the Marginal Cost of Funds based Lending Rate (MCLR) linked loan at mutually acceptable terms.
9. Banks will continue to review and publish Base Rate as hitherto.
How to calculate MCLR
With the RBI issuing guidelines to calculate base rates using the marginal cost of funds, commercial banks are now left with lesser flexibility while fixing lending rates. All loans sanctioned after April 1,2016 will be priced with reference to the marginal cost of funds-based lending rate (MCLR).
The concept of marginal is important to understand MCLR. In economics sense, marginal means the additional or changed situation. While calculating the lending rate, banks have to consider the changed cost conditions or the marginal cost conditions. For banks, what are the costs for obtaining funds? It is basically the interest rate given to the depositors (often referred as cost for the funds). The MCLR norm describes different components of marginal costs. A novel factor is the inclusion of interest rate given to the RBI for getting short term funds – the repo rate in the calculation of lending rate.
1. All rupee loans sanctioned and credit limits renewed w.e.f. April 1, 2016 will be priced with reference to the Marginal Cost of Funds based Lending Rate (MCLR) which will be the internal benchmark for such purposes.
2. The MCLR will be a tenor linked internal benchmark.
3. Actual lending rates will be determined by adding the components of spread to the MCLR.
4. Banks will review and publish their MCLR of different maturities every month on a pre-announced date.
5. Banks may specify interest reset dates on their floating rate loans. They will have the option to offer loans with reset dates linked either to the date of sanction of the loan/credit limits or to the date of review of MCLR.
6. The periodicity of reset shall be one year or lower.
7. The MCLR prevailing on the day the loan is sanctioned will be applicable till the next reset date, irrespective of the changes in the benchmark during the interim period.
8. Existing loans and credit limits linked to the Base Rate may continue till repayment or renewal, as the case may be. Existing borrowers will also have the option to move to the Marginal Cost of Funds based Lending Rate (MCLR) linked loan at mutually acceptable terms.
9. Banks will continue to review and publish Base Rate as hitherto.
How to calculate MCLR
With the RBI issuing guidelines to calculate base rates using the marginal cost of funds, commercial banks are now left with lesser flexibility while fixing lending rates. All loans sanctioned after April 1,2016 will be priced with reference to the marginal cost of funds-based lending rate (MCLR).
The concept of marginal is important to understand MCLR. In economics sense, marginal means the additional or changed situation. While calculating the lending rate, banks have to consider the changed cost conditions or the marginal cost conditions. For banks, what are the costs for obtaining funds? It is basically the interest rate given to the depositors (often referred as cost for the funds). The MCLR norm describes different components of marginal costs. A novel factor is the inclusion of interest rate given to the RBI for getting short term funds – the repo rate in the calculation of lending rate.
Following
are the main components of MCLR.
Marginal
cost of funds;
Negative
carry on account of CRR;
Operating
costs;
Tenor
premium.
Negative
carry on account of CRR: is the cost that the banks have to incur while
keeping reserves with the RBI. The RBI is not giving an interest for CRR held
by the banks. The cost of such funds kept idle can be charged from loans given
to the people.
Operating
cost: is
the operating expenses incurred by the banks
Tenor
premium: denotes
that higher interest can be charged from long term loans
Marginal
Cost: The
marginal cost that is the novel element of the MCLR. The marginal cost of funds
will comprise of Marginal cost of borrowings and return on networth.
According to the RBI, the Marginal Cost should
be charged on the basis of following factors:
1.Interest
rate given for various types of deposits- savings, current, term deposit,
foreign currency deposit
2.Borrowings
– Short term interest rate or the Repo rate etc., Long term rupee
borrowing rate
3.Return
on networth – in accordance with capital adequacy norms.
The marginal
cost of borrowings shall have a weightage of 92% of Marginal Cost of Funds while
return on networth will have the balance weightage of 8%.
In
essence, the MCLR is determined largely by the marginal cost for funds and
especially by the deposit rate and by the repo rate. Any change in repo rate
brings changes in marginal cost and hence the MCLR should also be changed.
According
to the RBI guideline, actual lending rates will be determined by adding the
components of spread to the MCLR. Spread means that banks can charge higher
interest rate depending upon the riskiness of the borrower.
Powerful
element of the MCLR system form the monetary policy angle is that banks have to
revise their marginal cost on a monthly basis. According to the RBI guideline,
“Banks will review and publish their MCLR of different maturities every month
on a pre-announced date.” Such a monthly revision will compel the banks to
consider the change in repo rate change if any made by the RBI during the
month.
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